Serum procalcitonin levels are associated with rhabdomyolysis following exertional heatstroke: an over 10-year intensive care survey / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Heatstroke has become a common emergency event in hospitals. Procalcitonin (PCT) is used as a biomarker of infection in the emergency department (ED), but its role in rhabdomyolysis (RM) following exertional heatstroke (EHS) remains unclear. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with EHS from the intensive care unit (ICU). We collected RM biomarkers, inflammation markers, critical disease scores at admission, 24 h, 48 h, and discharge, and 90-day mortality. Correlation analysis, linear regression and curve fitting were used to identify the relationship between PCT and RM. RESULTS: A total of 162 patients were recruited and divided into RM (n=56) and non-RM (n=106) groups. PCT was positively correlated with myoglobin (Mb), acute hepatic injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, with correlation coefficients of 0.214, 0.237, 0.285, 0.454, and 0.368, respectively (all P<0.05). Interestingly, the results of curve fitting revealed a nonlinear relationship between PCT and RM, and a two-piecewise linear regression model showed that PCT was related to RM with an odds ratio of 1.3 and a cut-off of <4.6 ng/mL. Survival analysis revealed that RM was associated with higher mortality compared to non-RM cases (P=0.0093). CONCLUSION: High serum PCT concentrations are associated with RM after EHS in critically ill patients. Elevated PCT concentrations should be interpreted cautiously in patients with EHS in the ED.

Rabdomiólisis e infección a SARS-CoV-2 en paciente joven

La rabdomiólisis es un síndrome clínico causado por la lesión de miocitos y liberación de su contenido celular al espacio extracelular y a la circulación sanguínea. Se manifiesta por dolor muscular agudo y debilidad, malestar general, fiebre y orina oscura. El diagnostico se realiza por las manifestaciones clínicas y el dosaje de las sustancias citosólicas liberadas. Se presenta el caso de un varón joven que desarrolla un cuadro agudo de mialgias generalizadas y debilidad muscular de miembros inferiores coincidentemente con la infección a SARS-CoV-2.

Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome caused by myocyte injury and the release of its cellular content into the extracellular space and blood circulation. It is manifested by acute muscle pain and weakness, malaise, fever, and dark urine. The diagnosis is made by the clinical manifestations and the dosage of the cytosolic substances released. We present the case of a young man who developed an acute picture of generalized myalgia and muscle weakness of the lower limbs coinciding with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Myoglobin cast nephropathy following multiple bee stings

Bee stings usually result in mild allergic reactions; however, mass envenomation can cause severe complications such as rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, shock, or multi-organ damage. Rhabdomyolysis can result in acute renal failure either by tubular obstruction by myoglobin casts or by direct cytotoxic injury. We present a case of a 12-year-old female child who presented with sudden onset anuria and hypertension following mass envenomation by bees. A renal biopsy was performed, the microscopic evaluation of which revealed tubular injury, with associated intratubular pigmented casts. The casts stained positive for myoglobin immunohistochemical stain, thus confirming a diagnosis of myoglobin cast nephropathy. The patient was given IV steroids and underwent seven sessions of hemodialysis, following which there was complete recovery of renal function.

A case of poisoning caused by intramuscular injection of esfenvalerate / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Esfenvalerate is a kind of commonly used highly effective pyrethroid insecticide. It is common for people who are poisoned by contact or misuse, but rarely reported for people who are poisoned by intramuscular injection. This paper reports a case of intramuscular injection of esfenvalerate in the Department of Infection, West China Hospital of Sichuan University in November 2021. The patient was intramuscularly injected with about 20 ml of esfenvalerate, inducing the sense of swelling and tingling, degeneration and necrosis of striated muscle tissue at the injection site, also liver function damage and other manifestations. The patient was discharged from hospital after rehydration, accelerating poison metabolism, anti-infection, liver protection and local puncture.

Rhabdomyolysis in adolescents with mental disorders during treatment： two cases report / 四川精神卫生

This article analyzed the laboratory indicators during the clinical diagnosis and treatment of two adolescents with mental disorders who developed rhabdomyolysis during hospitalization， so as to explore the risk of rhabdomyolysis occurring after mild to moderate exercise during treatment for adolescent with mental disorders and to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Lethal mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency caused by HADHB gene variation: a case report / 中华围产医学杂志

This article reported a male neonate with lethal mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTPD) caused by compound heterozygous variations in the HADHB gene. The patient presented with poor milk intake complicated by abnormal myocardial enzymes within 24 h after birth and was transferred to the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University on day 4. Physical examination revealed no obvious abnormalities on admission. Laboratory examination showed increased creatine kinase isoenzyme and cardiac troponin levels, and electrocardiogram suggested sinus tachycardia and low QRS voltage in limb leads. Blood screening for metabolic abnormalities showed high levels of tetradecenyl carnitine and various 3-hydroxycarnitines. Heterozygous mutations of c.739C>T(p.Arg247Cys) and c.607C>T(p.Arg203Ter,272) were detected in the HADHB gene in the boy, which were pathogenic variants included in the Human Gene Mutation Database. Followed up to three months of age, the boy was readmitted to hospital due to poor milk intake for one week and poor response for 2 d after catching a cold. After admission, he quickly developed multiple organs dysfunction such as heart failure and respiratory failure, and then died. Lethal MTPD is rare with no effective treatment and poor prognosis. Lethal MTPD should be highly suspected when unexplained cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia, acidosis and other metabolic abnormalities appear in the neonatal period, and an early diagnosis could be confirmed with genetic testing in the neonatal period.

Analysis of the clinical, pathological and genetic features of patients with myopathy-type very long chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of myopathy-type very long chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD).Methods:The detailed clinical data, muscle biopsy pathology and molecular results of 4 patients with genetically confirmed myopathy-type VLCADD admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital and Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2014 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:All of the 4 patients were late-onset myopathy-type VLCADD. The onset age ranged from 13 to 16 years, with a mean age of 14.5 years. The age at diagnosis ranged from 21 to 54 years, with a mean age of 42.5 years. The main clinical manifestation was repeated rhabdomyolysis, including myalgia, weakness and dark urine. Obvious somnolence was observerd in 1 patient. Muscle biopsy pathology revealed mild lipid accumulation, without vacuoles. Six ACADVL variations were detected in the 4 patients, including c.1283G>A (p.R428H), c.1532G>A (p.R511Q), c.833_835delAGA (p.K278del), c.1843C>T (p.R615 *), c.1748C>T (p.S583L) and c.1391C>T (p.T464I),among which c.1391C>T (p.T464I) was a novel variation, predicted to be likely pathogenic. Other 5 variations were reported pathogenic variations. Conclusions:Myopathy-type VLCADD is characterized by paroxysmal rhabdomyolysis and can be associated with somnolence. There is no specificity in muscle pathology. There are ACADVL variations, among which c.1391C>T is a novel variation.

Acute kidney injury caused by rhabdomyolysis which is induced by intestinal infection: a case report and literature review / 中国基层医药

Objective:To report a case of acute kidney injury caused by rhabdomyolysis and summarize its etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment strategy.Methods:The clinical data of a case of rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute kidney injury admitted to Affiliated Huadu Hospital of Southern Medical University on August 30, 2020, were collected, including clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination, and disease outcome. Referring to the previous literature reports of rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute kidney injury, this paper discusses its etiology, monitors and analyzes some indicators such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, myoglobin, and 24-hour urine volume during the treatment, and summarizes the clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas of the disease.Results:This case developed an intestinal infection after an unclean diet, which induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. Renal pathology after renal biopsy showed that renal biopsy result was consistent with an acute tubulointerstitial injury caused by myoglobin tubular nephropathy. The biochemical indexes such as creatine kinase and myoglobin decreased rapidly after ordinary hemodialysis, but the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen did not decrease markedly, and there was continuous oliguria. After switching to hemodialysis filtration and continuous intensive dialysis treatment, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen decreased rapidly, the amount of urine increased gradually, and finally, the renal function recovered.Conclusion:For acute kidney injury caused by rhabdomyolysis, early sufficient blood purification can accelerate the clearance of myoglobin, promote the recovery of the injured kidney, and improve the prognosis of the disease.

Ovariectomy exacerbates glycerol-induced acute kidney injury in rats / A ovariectomia intensifica a lesão renal aguda induzida pelo glicerol em ratas

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy on glycerol-induced renal changes in rats. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were submitted to ovariectomized (OVX) or sham surgery. One week after surgery, the animals received an intramuscular injection (8ml/kg) of 50% glycerol or saline (0.15 M) solution. These animals were divided into the following groups (n=6 per group): Sham, sham-operated female rats injected with saline; OVX, ovariectomized female rats injected with saline; Sham+Gly, sham-operated female rats injected with glycerol; OVX+Gly, ovariectomized female rats injected with glycerol. All rats were euthanized 3 days after the injections and the kidneys were removed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Blood and urine samples were also collected for renal function studies. Results: The OVX+Gly group presented higher creatinine serum levels, as well as greater fractional excretion of sodium and urinary flow than the Sham+Gly group. Histological lesions and tubulointerstitial staining for macrophages, nuclear factor-kappa B, and nitrotyrosine were more pronounced in the renal cortex of the OVX+Gly group compared to the Sham+Gly group. Conclusion: We conclude that ovariectomy aggravated changes in renal function and structure in glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by the intensification of the proinflammatory tissue response.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da ovariectomia nas alterações renais induzidas pelo glicerol em ratas. Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratas Wistar foram submetidas à ovariectomia (OVX) ou cirurgia sham (intervenção falsa). Uma semana após a cirurgia, os animais receberam injeção intramuscular (8ml/kg) de glicerol a 50% ou solução salina (0,15 M). As ratas foram divididas nos seguintes grupos (n=6 por grupo): Sham, fêmeas sham-operadas e injetadas com solução salina; OVX, fêmeas ovariectomizadas e injetadas com solução salina; Sham+Gly, fêmeas sham-operadas e injetados com glicerol; OVX+Gly, fêmeas ovariectomizadas e injetadas com glicerol. Todas as ratas foram eutanasiadas 3 dias após as injeções e os rins foram removidos para estudos histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Amostras de sangue e urina também foram coletadas para estudos de função renal. Resultados: O grupo OVX+Gly apresentou maiores níveis séricos de creatinina, assim como maiores fração de excreção de sódio e fluxo urinário do que o grupo Sham+Gly. As lesões histológicas e imunomarcação tubulointersticial para macrófagos, fator nuclear-kappa B e nitrotirosina foram mais pronunciadas no córtex renal do grupo OVX+Gly em comparação ao grupo Sham+Gly. Conclusão: Concluímos que a ovariectomia agravou as alterações na função e estrutura renal, na lesão renal aguda induzida por glicerol, pela intensificação da resposta tecidual pró-inflamatória.

Rabdomiólisis severa en un lactante con síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a covid -19 (mis-c)

Introducción: un caso de rabdomiólisis severa asociado a síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a COVID -19 (MIS-C). Reporte de caso: en un niño de 1 año 10 meses que presentó síntomas digestivos, mialgias, debilidad, fiebre y orina oscura. Prueba serológica COVID-19 IgM (-) IgG (+), PCR COVID-19 negativo. Creatin-quinasa (CK) inicial fue no dosable, siendo el nivel reportado más alto de 517 600 U/L. El valor de creatinina se mantuvo normal durante toda la hospitalización. Recibió Inmunoglobulina humana 2 g/Kg, Metilprednisolona 10 mg/Kg/d y ácido acetil salicílico para manejo de MIS-C. Se brindó hidratación enérgica y alcalinización de orina para manejo de rabdomiólisis. Conclusión: Evolución favorable con alta luego de diez días. Existen pocos casos reportados de rabdomiólisis asociados a MIS-C, y ninguno con valores tan altos de CK. En base a las posibles complicaciones se sugiere realizar dosaje de CK de forma rutinaria en todos los pacientes con MIS-C.

Introduction: A case of severe rhabdomyolysis associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 (MIS-C). Case of report: is presented in a one-year 10-month-old boy who presented digestive symptoms, myalgia, weakness, fever, and dark urine. COVID-19 IgM (-) IgG (+) serological test, COVID-19 PCR negative. Initial creatine kinase (CK) presented non-dosable values, with the highest reported level being 517,600 U/L. The creatinine value remained normal throughout the hospitalization. He received human immunoglobulin 2 g/Kg, Methylprednisolone 10 mg/Kg/d, and acetylsalicylic acid to manage MIS-C. Aggressive hydration and urine alkalinization were provided to manage rhabdomyolysis. Conclusion: Positive evolution with discharge after ten days. Few reported cases of rhabdomyolysis are associated with MIS-C and none with such high CK values. Based on the possible complications, performing CK dosing in all patients with MIS-C is suggested routinely.

Síndrome neuroléptico maligno asociado con intoxicación aguda por un organofosforado: reporte de caso / Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with acute organophosphate poisoning: Case report

El síndrome neuroléptico maligno es una condición clínica rara y potencialmente letal que frecuentemente se asocia con el uso de antipsicóticos. En la literatura especializada se encontró únicamente un reporte de caso relacionado con la ingestión de organofosforados. Se presenta un paciente con un cuadro clínico correspondiente al síndrome neuroléptico maligno posterior a la ingestión de clorpirifós. Como resultado de un intento de suicidio con el mencionado organofosforado, el hombre de 57 años presentó deterioro agudo del estado de consciencia, evolución neurológica tórpida e inestabilidad autonómica asociada a rigidez e hipertermia persistentes, así como incremento de la creatina-fosfocinasa (creatine phosphokinase, CPK). Se le administró tratamiento con bromocriptina, con lo cual el cuadro clínico remitió, y fue dado de alta sin secuelas. El diagnóstico del síndrome neuroléptico maligno es clínico y debe contemplarse en cualquier caso de exposición a sustancias que puedan resultar en una desregulación de la neurotransmisión dopaminérgica, con el fin de iniciar el tratamiento oportuno y contrarrestar efectivamente los efectos.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal clinical condition frequently associated with the use of antipsychotics. In the literature, there is only one case report associated with the intake of organophosphates. We present the case of a patient who presented with a clinical picture compatible with neuroleptic malignant syndrome, after the ingestion of an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos). A 57-year-old man who consulted for attempted suicide, acute deterioration of consciousness, torpid neurological evolution, and associated autonomic instability associated with rigidity, persistent hyperthermia, and elevated CPK. Bromocriptine treatment was offered, which resolved the clinical picture. The association with the ingestion of an organophosphate was established, and he was discharged without sequelae. The diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome is clinical and should be considered in any case of exposure to substances that may lead to dysregulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission in order to initiate timely therapy and impact outcomes.

Acute kidney injury associated with rhabdomyolysis in a patient with COVID-19 / Lesão renal aguda associada à rabdomiólise em um paciente com COVID-19

Abstract Rhabdomyolysis is defined as the breakdown of skeletal muscle leading to the release of muscle contents into the extracellular fluid. Patients with rhabdomyolysis can be asymptomatic or have myalgia symptoms, weakness, myoglobinuria with dark urine, significant electrolyte imbalance, and acute kidney injury. Here we describe a case on acute kidney injury associated to rhabdomyolysis in a patient with COVID-19.

Resumo A rabdomiólise é definida como a lise da musculatura esquelética levando à liberação do conteúdo muscular para o fluido extracelular. Pacientes com rabdomiólise podem ser assintomáticos ou apresentar sintomas de mialgia, fraqueza, mioglobinúria com urina escura, desequilíbrio eletrolítico significativo e lesão renal aguda. Aqui descrevemos um caso de lesão renal aguda associada à rabdomiólise em um paciente com COVID-19.

Hypokalemic Rhabdomyolysis — A Rare Presentation

Hypokalemia leading to Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially fatal disorder if not identified and treated early. In this case report we present a patient who had one week history of asymmetric painful Quadriparesis with neck drop and preserved reflexes. Evaluation revealed Hypokalemia with raised creatine.

Rabdomiolisis causada por ejercicio

Introduction: rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and paraclinical syndrome characterized by the presence of skeletal muscle necrosis that leads to the consequent release of intracellular muscle components with a variable clinical presentation and complications that put life at risk such as acute kidney injury. Methods: we present a case report of a patient with rhabdomyolysis with severe elevation of muscle enzymes and secondary acute kidney injury who was subsequently documented (initial Total CK 189,000 u/L) after extreme physical activity (CrossFit), who developed multiple complications and the need for support in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with satisfactory outcome. Results: Patient with kidney failure, receiving renal therapy with a favorable evolution and survival at discharge from the intensive care unit of a third-level hospital in the city of Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Conclusions: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and paraclinical syndrome characterized by the presence of skeletal muscle necrosis. The main cause is severe direct traumatic injury or crushes injuries; however, other conditions such as infections, intoxication, muscle ischemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, metabolic disorders, and genetic pathologies can also cause it, and particularly, extended rest, immobilization or strenuous exercise. The clinical presentation and complications are variable.

Introducción: la rabdomiólisis es un síndrome clínico y paraclínico caracterizado por la presencia de necrosis del músculo esquelético que lleva a la liberación de componentes musculares intracelulares, con una presentación clínica variable y complicaciones que ponen en riesgo la vida,como la insuficiencia renal aguda. Métodos: presentamos un caso clínico de un paciente con rabdomiólisis con elevación severa de enzimas musculares y lesión renal aguda secundaria que posteriormente se documentó (CK Totalinicial189.000u/L) luego de actividad física extrema (CrossFit), quien desarrolló múltiples complicaciones y la necesidad de apoyo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) con evolución satisfactoria. Resultados: Paciente con insuficiencia renal, que recibe terapia renal con una evolución favorable y supervivencia al egreso de la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Conclusiones: La rabdomiólisis es un síndrome clínico y paraclínico caracterizado por la presencia de necrosis del músculo esquelético. La causa principal son las lesiones traumáticas directas severas o las lesiones por aplastamiento; sin embargo, otras condiciones como las infecciones, la intoxicación, la isquemia muscular, el síndrome neuroléptico maligno, la hipertermia maligna, los trastornos metabólicos y las patologías genéticas también pueden causarla, y en particular, el reposo prolongado, la inmovilización o el ejercicio extenuante. La presentación clínica y las complicaciones son variables.

Características y complicaciones de la intoxicación aguda por cocaína Un estudio transversal en un servicio de urgencias de Colombia / Characteristics and complications of acute cocaine intoxication A cross-sectional study in an emergency room in Colombia

Resumen Introducción: el consumo de cocaína se ha incrementado y con ello el número de consultas a urgencias y hospitalizaciones por intoxicación aguda. El objetivo fue describir las características y complicaciones de los pacientes intoxicados por cocaína que acudieron al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de alta complejidad de Colombia. Método: estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes atendidos durante 2016 y 2019 con intoxicación por cocaína, según historia clínica y test de cocaína positivo y sin enfermedad de base que afectara directamente la supervivencia. Se describieron las características sociodemográficas y clínicas y se estimó la mortalidad y prevalencia de complicaciones. Resultados: se incluyeron 159 pacientes, en su mayoría hombres, con bajo nivel educativo y mediana de edad de 31 años. La mortalidad fue 3.8%. La prevalencia de lesión renal aguda (LRA) fue de 29.6% (IC95% 22.6-37.3%), 8.8% (IC95% 4.3-14.3%) para insuficiencia hepática aguda (IHA), 4.4% (IC95% 1.8-8.9%) para infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) y 4.4% (IC 95% 1.8-8.9%) para ataque cerebrovascular (ACV). Los niveles elevados de fosfocreatinquinasa (CPK) fueron encontrados con valores mayor a mil en 80% de pacientes con LRA, 100% de IHA, y en 50% de ACV. Conclusión: la intoxicación aguda por cocaína produce alteraciones multiorgánicas principalmente renales y hepáticas, que pueden ser por daño directo y también posiblemente por daño muscular reflejado en la elevación de CPK. Esto puede indicar la necesidad de vigilancia estricta de esta enzima y su investigación como variable pronóstica. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2256).

Abstract Introduction: the use of cocaine has increased, and, with it, the number of emergency room visits and hospitalizations due to acute intoxication. The objective was to describe the characteristics and complications of patients with cocaine intoxication who were seen in the emergency room of a tertiary care hospital in Colombia. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study. Patients seen from 2016 to 2019 with cocaine intoxication, according to the medical chart and a positive cocaine test, and with no underlying diseases which would directly affect survival, were included. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristic were described, and the mortality and prevalence of complications were estimated. Results: a total of 159 patients were included, mostly males, with a low educational level and a median age of 31 years. The mortality was 3.8%. The prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was 29.6% (95%CI 22.6 - 37.3%), 8.8% (95%CI 4.3 - 14.3%) for acute liver failure (ALF), 4.4% (95%CI 1.8 - 8.9%) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 4.4% (95% CI 1.8-8.9%) for cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were found to be greater than 1,000 in 80% of patients with AKI, 100% of those with ALF, and 50% of those with CVA. Conclusion: acute cocaine intoxication causes multiple organ dysfunction, mainly of the kidneys and liver, which may be due to direct injury and possibly also due to muscle damage reflected in the elevated CPK. This could indicate the need for strict monitoring of this enzyme and research of its use as a prognostic variable. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2256).

Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia complicated with rhabdomyolysis: a clinical analysis of 5 cases / 中华全科医师杂志

The clinical data of patients with chlamydia psitsiti pneumonia confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) who were admitted to the Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital from January 2020 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 21 patients, the serum creatine kinase (CK) was elevated in 10 cases, and 5 cases was complicated with rhabdomyolysis (RM). The symptoms of patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia-induced RM were severe, including high fever, dyspnoea, headache and myalgia; 2 case were complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) and neurological symptoms. Laboratory testing showed a marked increase in CK, myoglobin (Mb), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and D-dimer levels in all 5 patients. The chest CT revealed large areas of pulmonary consolidation, ground-glass opacity in 1 case and a small amount of pleural effusion in 2 cases. One patient died from multiple organ failure, and the other 4 patients were discharged with considerable improvement. Patients with psittacosis pneumonia are prone to developing rhabdomyolysis, early detection and early treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of patients.

Rabdomiólisis en un caso de síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundario a neumonía por COVID-19 / Rhabdomyolysis in a case of Acute Respiratory Failure Syndrome secondary to COVID-19 Pneumonia / Rabdomiólise em um caso de síndrome de insuficiência respiratória aguda secundária a pneumonia por COVID-19

Resumen: La rabdomiólisis es una entidad clínica caracterizada por la destrucción del músculo esquelético con la resultante liberación del contenido intracelular enzimático hacia la circulación sanguínea, puede llevar a complicaciones sistémicas, entre ellas la falla renal como una de las más graves. Las causas descritas son múltiples, desde el ejercicio excesivo, el trauma, medicamentos y drogas, hasta enfermedades infecciosas como las neumonías virales. La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 es una emergencia de salud pública. Pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 presentan principalmente fiebre, tos y disnea. Esta sintomatología puede evolucionar a un cuadro de dificultad respiratoria severa y neumonía grave. Además, se han notificado manifestaciones sistémicas extrapulmonares, entre ellas, su asociación con rabdomiólisis.

Abstract: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical entity characterized by the destruction of skeletal muscle with the resulting release of intracellular enzyme content into the blood circulation that can lead to systemic complications, including kidney failure as one of the most serious. The causes described are excessive exercise, trauma, medications and drugs, to infectious diseases such as viral pneumonia. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a public health emergency. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly present with fever, cough, and dyspnea. This symptomatology can evolve into a picture of severe respiratory distress and severe pneumonia. In addition, extrapulmonary systemic manifestations have been reported, including its association with rhabdomyolysis.

Resumo: A rabdomiólise é uma entidade clínica caracterizada pela destruição do músculo esquelético com a consequente liberação de conteúdo enzimático intracelular na corrente sanguínea que pode levar a complicações sistêmicas, dentre elas a insuficiência renal como uma das mais graves. As causas descritas são múltiplas, desde exercícios excessivos, traumas, medicamentos e drogas, até doenças infecciosas como pneumonia viral. A doença do coronavírus 2019 é uma emergência de saúde pública. Os pacientes com infecção por SARS-COV-2 apresentam principalmente febre, tosse e dispneia. Esses sintomas podem evoluir para desconforto respiratório grave e pneumonia grave. Manifestações sistêmicas extrapulmonares também foram relatadas, incluindo sua associação com rabdomiólise.

Rabdomiólise em paciente com infecção por dengue: relato de caso / Rabdomyolysis in patient with dengue infection: case report / Rabdomiolisis en paciente con infección por dengue: reporte de un caso

A rabdomiólise como complicação da dengue é subnotificada e pouco descrita na literatura. O presente caso traz um alerta para recordar tal possibilidade, principalmente devido à alta incidência da dengue no Brasil e da importância do manejo inicial, que pode evitar um desfecho desfavorável. Este relato trata de um paciente de 54 anos que iniciou com quadro agudo de fraqueza, com dor intensa em membros inferiores, dor abdominal, náuseas, vômitos e anúria. Foi observada evidente disfunção renal aguda em urgência dialítica com acidose metabólica grave, além de hiperuricemia, hiponatremia, hipocalcemia e hipercalemia, com valores de creatinofosfoquinase (CPK) de 125.010 e de mioglobina, 318,28. O paciente necessitou de três sessões de hemodiálise e recebeu alta com recuperação da função renal. O resultado da sorologia IgM para dengue foi positivo após um mês e dez dias da admissão hospitalar.

Reports on rhabdomyolysis as a complication of dengue are scarce in the literature. This study warns about such a possibility, especially considering the high incidence of dengue in Brazil and the importance of early management to avoid an unfavorable outcome for the patient. The case consists of a 54-year-old patient admitted to the hospital with complains of acute weakness, severe lower limb pain, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and anuria. Clinical evaluation indicated acute renal dysfunction in dialysis emergency with severe metabolic acidosis, as well as hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperkalemia, with creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values equal to 125.010 and myoglobin to 318.28. The patient was discharged with recovery of renal function after three hemodialysis sessions. Serology results were positive for dengue IgM one month and ten days after hospital admission.

La rabdomiólisis como complicación del dengue está poco implementada en la literatura y poco reportada, y este caso trae una advertencia para recordar esta posibilidad, principalmente por la alta incidencia del dengue en el país en el que vivimos y la importancia del manejo inicial, evitando un desfavorable resultado para el paciente. Se trata de un paciente de 54 años que inicia debilidad aguda, dolor severo en miembros inferiores, dolor abdominal, náuseas, vómitos y anuria. Se evidenció disfunción renal aguda en urgencia de diálisis con acidosis metabólica severa, además de hiperuricemia, hiponatremia, hipocalcemia e hiperpotasemia, con valores de creatinfosfoquinasa (CPK)de 125.010 y mioglobina de 318,28. El paciente requirió tres sesiones de hemodiálisis y fue dado de alta con recuperación de la función renal. El resultado de la serología IgM para el dengue fue positivoun mes y diez días después del ingreso hospitalario.

Rabdomiólisis tardía secundaria a infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Late rhabdomyolysis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Resumen El SARS-CoV-2, la causa de la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19), ha demostrado producir una variedad de manifestaciones extra pulmonares. La rabdomiólisis debida a la infección por SARS-CoV-ha sido reportada principalmente en el curso temprano de la enfermedad. En el pre sente informe, presentamos el caso de una paciente con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2 que se recuperó de neumonía por COVID-19 y posteriormente desarrolló una rabdomiólisis de inicio tardío que fue manejada con éxito con corticosteroides orales e hidratación enérgica durante el curso de la hospitalización. El reconocimiento y diferenciación oportuna de esta subdiagnosticada entidad y las manifestaciones constitucionales usuales du rante el COVID-19, podrían ayudar a prevenir y tratar tempranamente complicaciones posteriores potencialmente mortales.

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the cause of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has shown to produce a variety of extrapulmonary manifestations. Rhabdomyolysis due to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported mainly in the early course of the disease. In this report, we present the case of a female patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who recovered from respiratory compromise and developed a late-onset rhabdomyolysis successfully managed with oral corticoste roids and aggressive hydration. Prompt recognition of this underdiagnosed entity could help prevent subsequent life-threatening complications.

Rabdomiolisis con injuria renal aguda en paciente con la Covid 19. Reporte de caso

El SARS-CoV 2 es un RNA virus, que desde el punto de vista clínico puede manifestarse con neumonía, compromiso neurológico, miocárdico, renal, coagulopatía, disfunción orgánica múltiple o la muerte. Se presenta el caso de un varón que ingresó a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) por síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo severo secundario a infección por SARS-CoV 2, quien requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva con ciclos de pronación, noradrenalina. En la evolución cursó con injuria renal aguda oligúrica, con orina oscura rojiza y con niveles de creatinfosfoquinasa (CPK) séricas en 17 179 UI/ml, considerando rabdomiolisis secundaria a infección por SARS- CoV 2 como una de las causas de la misma, el paciente fue sometido a hemodiálisis, con mejoría progresiva, sobrevivencia y alta de UCI.

SUMMARY SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that can manifest clinically with pneumonia, neurologic, myocardial and renal involvement as well as with hematologic and multiple organ failure and death. We report the case of a male patient admitted to the ICU severe acute respiratory distress associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection who required mechanical ventilation with pronation and vasopressors. He developed acute kidney injury with reddish urine and serum levels of CK in 17,179 UI/ml consistent with SARS-CoV-2 associated rhabdomyolysis. The patient underwent hemodialysis with complete recovery and subsequent discharge from the ICU.